Pourquoi Einstein n’a-t-il pas eu le prix Nobel ?

 

Voici un lien vers le site officiel, avec une photographie plus d'époque que d'autres

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 was awarded to Albert Einstein "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/summary/

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 was awarded to Albert Einstein "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect."

Mais ce qui est vrai, c'est qu'en 1921 à la réception des Prix, Einstein n'était pas là. Pas parce qu'il était empêché, mais parce qu'il n'avait pas eu le prix. Aucun physicien n'avait été jugé correspondre aux souhaits d'Alfred Nobel pour cette année. C'est en 1922, qu'ils se sont dit, tout de même, on a oublié Einstein, pour tous ce qu'il a apporté à la Physique Théorique. Sans un mot pour la Relativité en particulier. En revanche, le jury a mis avant en sa découverte de la loi de l'effet photoélectrique. C'était la première démonstration directe d'une quantification de l'énergie. Pour Planck (théorie indirecte des quanta), il y a eu aussi un retard d'un an, mais peut-être à cause de la guerre qui n'a pas permis de recevoir de bonne propositions.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 was awarded to Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta".

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/summary/

Le Nobel préférait plutôt les physiciens utiles aux théoriciens. Par exemple

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 was awarded to Charles Edouard Guillaume "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys".

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1920/summary/

pour notamment la création de l'alliage Invar. Très utile en métrologie.

Et 1922 c'était tout de même la début de la consécration de la physique quantique.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 was awarded to Niels Henrik David Bohr "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them".

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/summary/

Pour revenir à la physique manifestement et immédiatement utile, Ce prix

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 was awarded to Nils Gustaf Dalén "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys".

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1912/summary/

c'est pour avoir inventé une machine

Sun valve - Wikipedia

Sun valve designed by Gustaf Dalen, 1912, TM34299 - Tekniska museum - Stockholm A sun valve ( Swedish: solventil , "solar valve") is a flow control valve that automatically shuts off gas flow during daylight. It earned its inventor Gustaf Dalén the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physics . Subsequently other variants of sun valve were developed for various different uses. Dalén's valve [ edit ] The valve was the key component of the Dalén light used in lighthouses from the 1900s through the 1960s, by which time electric lighting was dominant. Prominent engineers, such as Thomas Edison , doubted that the device could work. The German patent office required a demonstration before approving the patent application. [1] The valve is controlled by four metal rods enclosed in a glass tube. The central rod that is blackened is surrounded by the three polished rods. As sunlight falls onto all of the rods, the absorbed heat of the sun expands the dark rod, switching a valve to cut the gas supply. After sunset, the central rod cools down, contracting to become the same length as the polished rods and opening the gas supply. The gas is lit by the small, always-burning pilot light. Reliability [ edit ] Dalen's system of acetylene lighting for marine navigation proved very reliable, as exemplified by the lighthouse at Chumbe Island off Zanzibar . This lighthouse was constructed in 1904 and converted to unstaffed automatic acetylene gas operation in 1926. [2] The acetylene lighting installation, controlled by a sun valve, remained in use until the lighthouse was converted to a solar-powered ( photovoltaic ) system in 2013. [3] Other variants [ edit ] In 1921 Francis Everard Lamplough (an engineer with AGA's rival firm in lighthouse provision: Chance Brothers ) patented an alternative 'light valve' [4] in the hope of breaking Dalén's effective monopoly. In subsequent years it was installed on several lighthouses and beacons, but because of its dependence on liquid it could only be used in static locations (unlike Dalén's valves, very many of which were installed on floating buoys). [5] Lamplough's 'valve' was a form of rocker switch , on which were mounted two glass bulbs, one black, the other clear, part-filled with liquid ether and linked by a tube. During the day, heat from the sunlight would cause the air in the black bulb to expand, forcing the liquid into the clear bulb, the additional weight tipping the switch and cutting off the current to the lamp; at night, or at other times of insufficient daylight, the process was reversed, reconnecting the current. [6] In 1935 one Edwin H. Pendleton was granted a US patent for a sun valve activated by a pair of bimetallic strips . [7] References [ edit ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_valve

qui ferme le gaz lorsque le soleil ne brille plus ! Ça ne marchait qu'avec de l'acétylène pour l'allumage spontané. Pas de la grande physique, mais très utile, comme le voulait Alfred.

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